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Project Description
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Project Description
Project title: Building a socialized model of domestic waste management in Hoi An (VN/SGP/OP4/Y3/CORE/10/07) The challenges in the management of domestic waste in Hoi An Low efficiency in waste collection The public service company is responsible for collecting domestic waste in the town. Each family puts domestic waste in a bag or a trashcan of the family to be collected at a fixed time daily by waste collection trucks from the public service company. All the solid waste is collected and taken to Cam Ha landfill. The waste collection capacity of the company is approximately 45 tonnes/daily in which the collection rate in town is 95-100%, but this rate is only about 60% in the outskirts and the remaining amount is treated on the spot. The landfill in Cam Ha commune has an area of about 9,000m2, but there are no liners in the bottom of the landfill and no system is available to collect and treat landfill leachate [L u Th Ng c H i (2010)][2]. It is very common to find people coming to the landfill daily to collect the waste for recycling. Meanwhile the waste is not compacted, nor is it covered with soil so the landfill leachate percolates the ground in the landfill, spreading an obscene smell, contaminating the surface water and groundwater source, polluting the environment, making the landfill an ideal place for rats, flies and mosquitos. Thus, the landfill is a cause for dangerous contagious diseases for people who collect waste in Cam Ha landfill to sell for recycling as they may be infected with serious diseases like pneumonia, cholera, skin diseases, etc. The landfill capacity of 45 tonnes/daily is becoming exceeded. The waste collection efficiency of the public service company is not high for various reasons. For example, narrow lanes and alleys often make it impossible for waste collection trucks to enter to do their work. Therefore, domestic waste is often collected mainly in major streets and the education activities of the company on waste management and classification are still limited and ineffective. It is therefore necessary to mobilise the participation of the whole society in the management of the waste, especially domestic waste, and in waste collection, classification and treatment in the homes so that less pressure is put on the company as well as the landfill in the context of the waste volume being increased due to improved standard of living and tourist activities. Limitations in local residents` awareness and habits in waste collection, classification and treatment. Insufficient attention is paid to the role and the participation of waste material agencies and waste collectors in Hoi An. In Hoi An, a daily amount of about 7, 600 kg of recycling waste is bought by waste material agencies [ ng V n Nh n (2010)] (4). This waste volume for recycling is very significant as it reduces the waste volume sent to the landfill in Hoi An and it contributes to the maintenance and development of the recycling industry in our country. However, the waste classification at the source (in the homes) is very limited. Most people put organic waste and inorganic waste together for the waste collection trucks [L u Th Ng c H i (2010)][2]. Presently in Hoi An, there are 10 agencies (refered to as "waste material agencies") specialised in buying waste for recycling. Most agencies buy all the waste from people who collect and buy the waste (refered to as waste collectors). Each agency has about 15 to 50 waste collectors. The agencies buy from 50 to 1,400 kg of waste for recycling. Things like hair and duck feathers are not bought as the agencies cannot find consumers. Most agencies do not buy plastic bags as most of which are dirty and wet, making it hard to classify and find the quantity in addition to the contamination and the unpleasant smell...[Nguy n Anh Nh t (2010)][3]. As in many other places in Vietnam, collecting waste for reclycling in Hoi An is mainly done by women. They collect and buy waste for recycling from families and sell them to agencies. These people are poor and their job is of great importance in domestic waste management task. This essential human force needs to be properly made use of in order to enhance the efficiency of domestic waste collection and recycling. waste collectors do this job to earn a living and they also play a big role in domestic waste collection and recycling. Recent studies have shown that when the capacity of waste collectors in collecting the waste is enhanced, the volume of the waste collected is bigger and their income is increased. Researchers also find that that the waste collection capacity of these people is linked to the volume of the waste collected and their income. After waste collectors receive some education about the process of buying the waste, the average number of their customers increases by 39.93% daily, the volume of waste that they can buy increases by 56.1% and their income increases by 41.87%. The project of Enhancing the management capacity of the environemnt in Hoi An Ancient town funded by GEF SGP has been implemented in Hoi An and has brought about positive impacts, specifically: The project has examined and evaluated the situation of waste management in restaurants and hotels in Hoi An Ancient town. Especially, it has made an evaluative report and suggested some solutions for the waste water treatment to 13 restaurants and hotels in Minh An and C m Ph wards in Hoi An [Hoi An city Youth Union (2010)][5]. The project has successfull
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